Youll start with a rundown of networking basics and protocol traffic capture. Many books have been written on the tcpip protocol stack and the higher layer. Physical addresses or what are commonly referred to as mac addresses are used at layer 2. This chapter focuses on network media and the physical layerlayer 1 of the open systems interconnect osi model. Advanced networking concepts applied using linux on ibm system z lydia parziale ben louie eric marins tiago nunes dos santos srivatsan venkatesan understand the ibm zvm failover concepts build a practical network solution using linux on system z configure routers and switches for redundancy. The layer 3 packet cant use layer 2 mac addresses, so the ip address scheme was created for layer 3. The data link layer, or layer 2, is the second layer of the seven layer osi model of computer networking. This layer is the protocol layer that transfers data between adjacent network nodes in a wide area network wan or between nodes on the same local area network lan segment. A clear and concise resource on windows networking, perfect for it beginners did you know that nearly 85% of it support roles require a good understanding of networking concepts. Given below are the seven layers of osi reference models. Chapter 7 internetworks and network layer concepts and components. Several data link networking concepts were first introduced in the discussion of the data link layer or layer 2 of the osi model in chapter 1, standard internetworking models.
It also presents various layer 1 and layer 2 devices including connectors, transceivers and media converters, repeaters, network interface cards and pc cards, bridges, and switches. Within the discussion of content networking, we will. The network basics of bridging, routing, and switching. I used this book as one of my reference books for ccie service provider written exam. Although a different frame at least as far as mac addresses are concerned is sent hopbyhop through the network, the data content of the frame, called the layer 3 packet, remains intact from source host to destination host.
The application layer is the topmost layer of the tcp and ip protocol suite in networking. Bridges operate at the data link layer of the osi model layer 2 and are used to connect two separate networks to form a single large continuous lan. Understand the function of each layer in tcpip stack in good detail. Basic fundamental of networking the tcp ip wireless. A layer 2 frame that is looping will stop only when a switch interface is shut down. This course is about strengthening the networking concepts and fundamentals with assignments side by side with theory. When we talk about layer 2 and layer 3 networking, it is these layers that. It can also perform basic routing functions between virtual lans. High availability layer 2 redundancy pfsense documentation. This means, using qos on a network device can identify which traffic types need to be sent first, how much bandwidth to allocate to various traffic types, which traffic types should be dropped first in the event of congestion, and how to make the most efficient use of the. The layer 3 switch functions at the network layer and performs the multiport, virtual lan, data pipelining functions of a standard layer 2 switch. The physical networking layer could use any or all the variants abgn of 802. The 7 layers of the osi model webopedia study guide. This book uses the standard tcpip fourlayer model appropriate for the internet, shown in figure 12.
Open network environment sun one technologies to create services on demand solutions as well as technical. Layer2 is the network layer used to transfer data between adjacent network nodes in a wide area network or between nodes on. Data link protocols data link networking concepts pearson. Broadcasts have to be controlled at layer 3, as layer 2 and layer 1 devices have no way of controlling them. Layer 2 networking concepts this chapter discusses advanced layer 2 switching networking concepts with a special emphasis on how these concepts are implemented in an accelar r outing switch. Refers to either electrical or optical cabling that transports raw data to all the higher layers.
It converts data bits into electrical impulses or radio signals. This book presents important networking fundamentals using the open systems interconnection osi sevenlayer model concepts. Switches operate primarily at layer 2, the datalink layer, and routers at layer 3, the network layer. A blog to start the best understanding of network implementation and to the troubleshooting of layer 2 and layer 3 protocols.
Advanced networking concepts applied using linux on ibm system z. This book often refers to layer 2 as meaning the ethernet switches or other related topics such as arp and mac addresses. Layer 2 vpn architectures networking technology 1, luo, wei. A designers resource is a resource for network architects who must create solutions for emerging network environments in enterprise data centers. Preface the goal of this book is to provide a basic understanding of the technical design and architecture of the internet. As we will see in the next chapter, application layer protocols often use. They operate on different layers of a networking protocol layered protocols make it easier to modify and implement the networking task. This is a cisco branded book, but really covering the protocol from a platform independent point of view. A network can be defined as a group of computers and other devices. The attitude of this book with regard to teaching networking concepts could be summed up as try it out and see for yourself.
Service definitions, like the osi model, abstractly describe the functionality provided to an n layer by an n1 layer, where n is one of the seven layers of protocols operating in the local host. Layer 3 networks are built to run on on layer 2 networks. At the data link layer, data packets are encoded and decoded into bits and it provides a node to node data. This book is truly a bible for tcpip and bgp4, explaining the protocol inside out.
This chapter discusses the functioning and operations of different lan system components and also explains the fundamental differences between the operation and application of switches, bridges. Ccna certificationswitching wikibooks, open books for an. Layer 2 vpn architectures networking technology guide books. For example, a computer network is a group of computers connected with each other to communicate and share information and resources like hardware, data, and software. Understand the functioning of tcpip stack osi model. A network node, which is just a device that forwards packets toward a destination, can be a router, bridge, or switch. A router is a device that forwards data packets along networks. Layer 3 network examples include appletalk ddp, ip, ipx. Here we go with the basic networking questions and answers. This specific layer transfers data along to computers from one end to other with the help of applications and processes which use transport layer protocols.
Network is defined as a set of devices connected to each other using a physical transmission medium. It maps the ethernet addresses of the nodes residing on each segment and allows only the necessary traffic to pass through the bridge. In this model, applications like firefox and warcraft run in. The authors have completely rewritten the companion guide to provide a fresh, complementary perspective on the online course content. Routing tcpip doyle carrol 2 volumes the tcpip protocol runs the internet as we know it, but its still a bit of a mystery for many people. Again, typically the user of the device does not care what the technology is as long as it moves the data bits at a. This section covers the layer 2 design elements to be considered when planning a redundant network. Ccna basics ccnab is designed as a comprehensive reference for students and networking professionals seeking an introduction to networking terminology, technologies, and techniques. This chapter assumes that you are familiar with the basics of bridging switching, routing, and spanning tree protocol. Networking basics ccna 1 companion guide cisco networking.
The negative effects of layer 2 loops grow as the network complexity i. This layer includes the raw data sent over the links and manages the media access control mac addresses for ethernet. This book will help you become well versed in basic networking concepts and prepare to pass microsofts mta networking fundamentals exam 98366. Network fundamentals covers everything you need to know about network infrastructures, hardware. Jun 05, 2014 broadcast domains a broadcast domain is a grouping of collision domains that are connected by layer 2 devices.
Examples of next generation networking building modern networks. In an ip layer 3 network, the ip portion of the datagram has to be read. A layer 2 device used to connect different networks types or networks of the same type. The network basics of bridging, routing, and switching dummies. Layer 2 is equivalent to the link layer the lowest layer in the tcpip network model. Basic network concepts java network programming, 4th edition. This layer includes packets that have more than just layer 2 data, such as ip, ipx novell networks protocol, and afp apples protocol. There are lots of practical exercises using wireshark and the companion website is actually useful and relevant. Communication protocols enable an entity in one host to interact with a corresponding entity at the same layer in another host. It furnishes transmission protocol knowledge and management and handles errors in the physical layer, flow control and frame synchronization. Networking challengestatic routes 70 22 dynamic routing protocols 70 distance vector protocols 73 link state protocols 74 23 configuring ripv2 75 configuring routes with rip 77 configuring routes with rip version 2 82 networking challengerip 84 24 tftptrivial file transfer protocol 85 configuring tftp 85 summary 89. Book cover of james forshaw attacking network protocols.
Data link layer 2 at osi model, layer 2, data packets are encoded and decoded into bits. Selection from ccna 200301 exam cram, 6th edition book. This is the perfect book for anyone starting a networking career or in need of an easytofollow refresher. Switches operate at the data link layer layer 2 and sometimes the network layer layer 3 of the osi reference model. Broadcasts are forwarded by layer 2 devices and if excessive, can reduce the efficiency of the entire lan. This book covers basics of layer 2 vpns especially atom, l2tpv3, vpls. The book is aimed at all audiences even those with absolutely no prior tech.
Many books have been written on the tcpip protocol stack and the higher. This requires stripping off the datalink layer frame information. A router is connected to at least two networks and is located at gateways, the places where two or more networks connect. Practical tcpip and ethernet networking for industry. This book is very up to date as seen by the release of the 5th ed when the 4th ed is barely two years old. Layer 3 switches the layer 3 switch functions at the network layer and performs the multiport, virtual lan, data pipelining functions of a standard layer 2 switch. In addition to describing the concepts related to layer 2 vpns, this book provides an extensive collection of case studies that show you how these technologies and architectures work. Understand network cabling, topologies, hardware, and the osi seven layer model. The data link layer of the osi model is the only one that has sublayers. What i found interesting about this book is the authors approach to order of topic discussion. Layer 2, also known as the data link layer, is the second level in the seven layer osi reference model for network protocol design. Describe the function and operation of layer 2 switching.
The book opens by discussing layer 2 vpn applications utilizing both atom and l2tpv3 protocols and comparing layer 3 versus layer 2 providerprovisioned vpns. A layer 3 switch is a highperformance device for network routing. Exchange ipx are examples of network layer protocols. Networking concepts pfsense documentation netgate docs. Chapter 2 network topologies, architectures, and the osi model. Layer 2 redundancy the diagrams earlier in this chapter did not describe layer 2 switch redundancy, to avoid throwing too many concepts at readers simultaneously. It covers the entire spectrum of lower and upper layer protocols to evaluate. As was pointed out in the introduction, most textbooks that discuss computer networking, and the osi and tcpip models specifically, is that it is standard practice to begin with the physical layer and make your way up to the application layer. Typically refers to ethernet or another similar protocol that is being spoken on the wire. A router works with ip addresses at layer 3 of the model. Again, it is important to understand the layered architecture of the osi model to grasp the fundamentals of how a network operates. The most common use for the layer numbers is in discussions of routing and switching technologies.
156 441 1534 1056 742 863 167 384 950 1170 1307 54 1052 198 1213 579 1354 1175 957 1258 1336 171 502 262 698 271 1491 243